Ouija Board, it's operation and effect proven by science. So why do Paranormal Investigators that claim they are using science, but yet they deny proven science?

by Edward Shanahan.

 The first thing I would ask a Paranormal Investigation Team that claims to be scientific, what is their feelings about the Ouija Board? When they attempt to give the spooky scary advice and don't use them! Your response maybe: So, you make up your own science and ignore proven actual science? 

Also, for your protection, if a paranormal group calls themselves professionals, ask how much it will cost you? As the term Professional pertains to only those who are paid, all others are amateurs. Same for 'Not for Profit', ask them since they claim to be a Not-for-Profit Organization, if they can bring you their paperwork as they legally must be registered with the state and federal government, if they are claiming to be that. 

Proven Science with Ouija Board.
A scientific and psychological perspective, the phenomenon of the Ouija board is primarily explained by the Ideomotor Effect.

​This effect is a psychophysiological phenomenon where a person makes unconscious, involuntary muscular movements. These movements are often consistent with their expectations, suggestions, or subconscious thoughts, even if their conscious mind is not intending to move the object at all.

​Here is a breakdown of the science behind the Ouija board's movement:

​ The Ideomotor Effect

• ​Unconscious Movement: When people place their fingers lightly on the planchette (the pointer), the smallest, often imperceptible, muscle contractions in their hands and arms can cause it to move.

• ​The Power of Suggestion and Expectation: Because the users expect the planchette to move or are subconsciously thinking of a certain letter or answer, their brain prepares the muscles for that action. This subtle preparation translates into physical movement without their conscious awareness.

• ​Lack of Agency: Since the users don't consciously decide to move the planchette, they genuinely feel that an external force, a spirit, in the traditional belief is guiding it. This is a very powerful psychological illusion.

• ​Amplification: The lightweight planchette and the smooth, frictionless surface of the board are designed to amplify these tiny, unconscious movements, making them large enough to spell out words.

​ The Role of the Subconscious Mind​

 The Research also suggests that the Ouija board can tap into knowledge that is stored in the users' subconscious mind but not readily available to their conscious awareness.

• ​Subconscious Knowledge: In controlled studies, participants using a Ouija board to answer questions they were unsure of actually gave correct answers more often than they did when answering verbally. This suggests that the information was held in their subconscious ("I heard that somewhere") and was accessed and expressed through the involuntary movements.

• ​Joint Action: When multiple people are using the board, it becomes a collective effort. Each person contributes a tiny, unconscious push or pull, and the resulting movement is an emergent property of their interacting, predictive minds. They essentially "take turns" making involuntary movements that lead to a coherent message.

​In summary, the scientific consensus is that the seemingly magical movement of the planchette is a direct result of unconscious muscular movements (the ideomotor effect), amplified by the users' expectations and influenced by their subconscious thoughts and memory.

 Deeper Psychological Influences

​The Ideomotor Effect is the primary driver of the movement, but several other psychological concepts significantly influence what the Ouija board says and how people interpret those messages. These biases reinforce the belief that the messages are meaningful, personal, and externally generated.

​1. The Barnum Effect (or Forer Effect)

​The Barnum Effect explains why people tend to accept vague, general, or flattering descriptions as being uniquely tailored to them.

• ​How it applies to the Ouija board: The messages spelled out are often vague, highly general, or emotionally loaded (e.g., "Someone misses you," "You will find happiness," or a generic name like "James"). Users unconsciously fill in the blanks, making the message feel deeply personal and profound.
• ​Example: If the board spells "FEAR," a user who has recently felt anxious will instantly connect this general word to their specific situation, believing the spirit is validating their hidden struggle.

​2. Confirmation Bias

​This is the psychological tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms or supports one's preexisting beliefs or values.

• ​How it applies to the Ouija board: If a user already believes the board can contact spirits, they will remember and highlight the few times the board spelled something seemingly relevant or correct.
• ​They will ignore, rationalize, or forget the far more frequent times the board spells gibberish, nonsensical words, or completely wrong information (e.g., "ZAXN YU").
• ​This selective memory strengthens their belief in the board's power.

​3. Dissociation and Group Dynamics

​The Ouija board is often used in a group setting, which creates its own psychological dynamic.

• ​Reduced Self-Monitoring (Dissociation): When focusing intently on the planchette in a group, individuals can enter a mild state of dissociation, where their conscious awareness of their own actions is reduced. This makes it easier for the ideomotor movements to occur without the user noticing, enhancing the feeling that an external force is moving it.
• ​Social Conformity: In a group, there is a subtle, unconscious pressure to cooperate. If one person starts pushing the planchette toward a letter, others may subtly follow or assist the movement to maintain group harmony and a successful "session." The resulting movement is truly a collaboration, though everyone feels they are only receiving the message.

​These biases work together with the Ideomotor Effect to create a compelling, self-fulfilling experience. The movements are real (Ideomotor), the messages are interpreted as meaningful (Barnum Effect), and the successful instances are disproportionately remembered (Confirmation Bias).

Feel Free to re-post this.
Edward Shanahan

(C)2025 Edward Shanahan

DIY "Spirit Box": Build your own. Also how they can be manipulated to produce location specific responses for the paranormal location.

What's Really Inside a "Spirit Box"? 3 Surprising Truths About Ghost Hunting Tech

  As the publisher and researcher of this article, plus over 25 yrs a paranormal explorer in Chicagoland Area, author of three books on Amazon with the last one being a 5-star reviewed book. 

With the paranormal in the beginning in 1974 at the age of 16 was the start of my adventure, then in 2000 I went public, and it was basically Richard Crowe, who I call the grandfather of Chicago Paranormal, also Ursula Bielski, myself and Dale Kaczmarek. 

This article is like a how to make your own Spirit Box with details of what all is needed and most likely save you money and actually maybe a lot of money.  

Plus be careful if an investigator is showcasing his devise at a paranormal investigation and it is working like nothing you've heard it in the past, then the investigator states that they can create one just like it for those individuals on the investigation. 

Maybe and maybe not, remember selling a Spirit Box to individuals could mean big money profit for them, since some are sold for a few hundred dollars.

Details in the article of why yours may never work like the investigators did. The reason could be due to a sound bank they added for the specific location. Remember they know the history of a location, and they know names of those attending if the investigator has the names of those attending in advance.

I do not know if any of the investigators who are manipulating their personally made Spirit Box on paranormal investigations. But I do know there is a program for laptops that is sold by a business computer software company, and its sales page does talks about adding Sound Banks to the program. I know two investigators that use the software on their laptops, as one found out about it from the other. 

I have always been for the people and not the Chicago Paranormal Click as I call it. A few years ago, I offered a free paranormal tour on an app. Now I have a Free Paranormal ChatGPT that you can download from ChatGPT: Haunted Willow Springs, it comes with 18 locations and like the bus tours you pay for, the locations are free to explore. It comes with a GPS to take you from one location to another, the history of each location, and also no time limit for you to explore.

Enjoy the article below and let me know if you built your own Spirit Box.
Edward Shanahan

Coming in the future: Spirit Bells rigged and un-rigged. Ouija boards remote controlled. Table tipping and floating tables sold by magic shops and more.

______________________________

  If you've ever watched a paranormal investigation show, you've likely seen it: a handheld device crackling with static, its display rapidly scanning through radio frequencies. An investigator holds it up in a darkened room and asks questions, hoping for a reply from the static. This is the "spirit box," a staple of modern ghost hunting. 

But what is this device, really? How does it produce those fleeting, disembodied voices? The reality of the technology and the methods behind it is often more surprising than the on-screen myths suggest. The truth isn't about mysterious, otherworldly hardware, but about clever electronics, psychological phenomena, and profound ethical questions.

This article provides an extensive technical guide for building an advanced "Spirit Box" from individual electronic components. It details specific parts, such as Arduino microcontrollers and the versatile Si4732 radio tuner, outlining their function in controlling sweep speed and audio output. 

 *Furthermore, the text addresses the controversial topic of using pre-recorded "sound banks" in place of live radio frequencies, explaining that these banks, consisting of phonetic fragments or reversed speech, are designed to eliminate live radio "bleed through." 

However, the text issues a strong ethical warning, explaining that sound banks significantly increase the risk of auditory pareidolia (self-deception) and provide ample opportunity for intentional manipulation to fabricate paranormal evidence.

Building a Spirit Box From Scratch: The Advanced Approach

Building from scratch provides maximum control over features, sweep speed, and even the type of radio bands scanned. It requires a basic understanding of microcontrollers (like Arduino), simple circuit assembly, and programming.

I. Core Components (Detailed)

Microcontroller (MCU): Arduino or ESP Series Recommended)

Arduino Uno/Nano: Excellent for beginners. Easy to program using the Arduino IDE, vast community support, and robust for this type of project. They have enough digital and analog pins.

ESP32/ESP8266: More advanced. These include Wi-Fi and often Bluetooth, which isn't strictly necessary for a basic spirit box but opens up possibilities for remote control or logging data later. They are powerful but might have a slightly steeper learning curve for absolute beginners.

Function: This is the "brain." It will control the radio receiver, manage sweep speed, and potentially interface with displays or buttons.

Radio Receiver Module (The Tuner)

TEA5767 (FM only): Very popular, cheap, and easy to interface with Arduino via I2C (two wires: SDA, SCL). Provides decent FM reception.

Si4703 (FM only): Similar to TEA5767, also I2C, but often includes RDS (Radio Data System) capabilities which aren't needed here.

Si4732 (AM/FM/SW/LW): This is a fantastic choice for a "from scratch" spirit box as it supports multiple bands (AM, FM, Shortwave, Longwave). Shortwave is often preferred by some paranormal investigators due to its unique sound characteristics and potential for distant signals. It also uses I2C for communication. Highly recommended for a versatile build.

Function: This module is what actually tunes into radio frequencies and demodulates the audio signal.

Audio Amplifier Module

PAM8403 (3W Stereo Class D): Extremely common, tiny, inexpensive, and efficient. Operates on 5V, perfect for Arduino projects. It's stereo, but you can use just one channel for mono output.

LM386 (Mono, lower power): An older, classic choice. Simpler circuit, but less power output than the PAM8403. Good for small, low-volume speakers.

Function: Takes the low-level audio signal from the radio module and boosts it enough to drive a small speaker.

Speaker

A small 8-ohm, 0.5W to 3W speaker. Can be salvaged from old electronics or bought cheaply. The size will depend on your enclosure.

Power Supply

5V DC regulated power supply: Most microcontrollers and modules prefer 5V.

USB Power Bank: A convenient, portable option.

9V Battery with DC-DC Buck Converter: If you want to use a standard 9V battery, you'll need a small module (like an LM2596 buck converter) to efficiently step down the 9V to a stable 5V for your components. An Arduino Uno/Nano can accept 7-12V directly via its barrel jack, but the ESP32/8266 and the radio/amp modules prefer 5V, so a converter is safer for the whole system.

Power Jack: A standard DC barrel jack for connecting a wall adapter.

Power Switch: To turn the entire device on/off.

User Interface (Optional but Recommended)

Potentiometers (Variable Resistors): For controlling sweep speed, volume, and potentially scanning range.

Push Buttons: For changing bands (AM/FM/SW), starting/stopping sweep, or mode selection.

LCD Display (e.g., 16x2 I2C LCD): To show the current frequency being scanned, sweep speed, or selected band. This is a nice addition for feedback.

LEDs: For power indication, sweep activity, etc.

Enclosure: A project box (plastic or metal) to house all components cleanly and protect them.

II. The Build Process (From Scratch)

Circuit Design & Wiring (Breadboard First!):

Microcontroller to Radio Module:

Connect SDA (Serial Data) on the radio module to the microcontroller's SDA pin (e.g., A4 on Arduino Uno/Nano).

Connect SCL (Serial Clock) on the radio module to the microcontroller's SCL pin (e.g., A5 on Arduino Uno/Nano).

Connect VCC (power) to 5V and GND (ground) to GND.

Connect the radio module's audio output (usually LOUT and ROUT for stereo) to the amplifier input.

Radio Module to Amplifier:

If using PAM8403, connect LOUT/ROUT from radio to the "L" and "R" inputs of the PAM8403.

Connect the PAM8403's OUTL/OUTR to your speaker (you can bridge them for slightly more mono power or use one channel).

Connect VCC and GND from the microcontroller's 5V supply to the PAM8403.

Microcontroller to User Interface:

Connect potentiometers to analog input pins (A0, A1, etc.) on the microcontroller.

Connect buttons to digital input pins.

Connect LCD to I2C pins (if I2C LCD) or digital pins (if parallel LCD).

Power Distribution: Ensure all components receive stable 5V and have a common ground.

Programming the Microcontroller (Arduino IDE Example)

Include Libraries: You'll need libraries for your specific radio module (e.g., TEA5767.h, Si4735.h) and potentially for the LCD (LiquidCrystal_I2C.h).

Setup Function (void setup()):

Initialize the radio module (e.g., radio.init()).

Initialize the LCD (if used).

Set pin modes for buttons and potentiometers.

Set initial radio band (e.g., FM).

Loop Function (void loop()):

Read Sweep Speed: Read the value from the potentiometer connected to an analog pin (e.g., analogRead(A0)). Map this value to a delay or frequency step size.

Sweep Frequencies:

Start at a base frequency (e.g., 87.5 MHz for FM).

Increment the frequency by a small step (e.g., 0.1 MHz).

Tell the radio module to tune to the new frequency (e.g., radio.setFrequency(currentFrequency)).

Introduce a short delay based on your desired sweep speed.

When the frequency reaches the end of the band (e.g., 108.0 MHz), loop back to the start or reverse direction.

Read Buttons: Check button states for band changes, start/stop.

Update Display (if used): Show current frequency or other info on the LCD.

Final Assembly & Enclosure:

Once the circuit works on a breadboard, transfer it to a more permanent solution (prototyping PCB or custom PCB).

Drill holes in your enclosure for buttons, potentiometers, speaker grille, power jack, and mounting screws.

Mount all components securely inside the enclosure.

Wire everything neatly, insulating connections.

II. Sound Banks: Definition, Use, and Ethical Concerns

Now, let's address the second part of your question, which touches on a very important and often debated aspect within the paranormal community: Sound Banks.

A. What is a Sound Bank (in this context)?

In the context of paranormal investigation, a "sound bank" refers to a pre-recorded, often digitally manipulated, collection of audio clips. These clips typically consist of:

Phonetic fragments: Isolated vowels, consonants, or very short word segments.

Reversed speech: Speech recorded normally, then played backward.

Foreign language clips: Words or phrases in languages unfamiliar to the user.

Environmental sounds: Short bursts of static, white noise, random tones, or ambient sound effects.

How they are "used":

Instead of sweeping live radio frequencies, a "Spirit Box" that utilizes sound banks cycles rapidly through these pre-recorded clips. The idea is similar: these bursts of audio provide the raw material that spirits can supposedly manipulate to form words or sentences.

B. Why are Sound Banks Used?

Proponents argue that sound banks offer several advantages:

Elimination of "Bleed Through": Live radio sweeps can pick up clear fragments of actual broadcasts (music, commercials, talk radio). Sound banks, especially those with reversed or foreign speech, aim to eliminate this "bleed through," making any coherent response supposedly less attributable to conventional radio.

Controlled Audio Source: The content of the sound bank is known, so any perceived intelligent communication is supposedly more clearly separated from the source material.

Customization: Investigators can create banks specific to their needs (e.g., all male voices, all female voices, specific languages).

C. Can Sound Banks Be Used to Create Responses and Fool Others?

YES, ABSOLUTELY, AND THIS IS A MAJOR ETHICAL CONCERN.

The inherent nature of rapidly playing fragmented audio, whether from live radio or pre-recorded sound banks, creates a phenomenon known as auditory pareidolia. This is the brain's tendency to perceive familiar patterns (like voices or words) in random noise or fragmented audio, even when they aren't actually there.

When a sound bank is involved, the potential for intentional or unintentional deception significantly increases:

Unintentional Self-Deception (Auditory Pareidolia): Even with carefully constructed sound banks, the human brain will still try to make sense of the rapid, chaotic input. An investigator desperately wanting to hear a message might easily interpret random phonetic fragments as meaningful words.

Intentional Manipulation (Fooling Others):

Carefully Curated Banks: A dishonest individual could create a sound bank that includes very subtle, almost subliminal, fragments of words or phrases that they want to "hear" or have others hear. When played rapidly, these fragments might occasionally align to create a seemingly coherent response.

Direct Inclusion of Phrases: A more blatant form of deception would be to include actual, though brief, words or even short phrases directly in the sound bank that are intended to be "discovered."

Post-Processing: An investigator might claim to have captured an EVP during a sound bank session, but then "clean up" or "enhance" the audio later, subtly adding or emphasizing desired sounds to make it appear as if a clear message was received.

Contextual Cues: The operator can guide the listener's interpretation. "Did you hear that? It said 'Get out!'" can easily lead a suggestible person to "hear" the same thing in ambiguous noise.

The ease with which sound banks can be manipulated, either consciously or unconsciously, is why they are often viewed with skepticism, even within segments of the paranormal community. When an investigator presents a "response" from a sound bank, it's very difficult to verify that the response wasn't either a product of auditory pareidolia or an intentional inclusion in the source material.

D. Ethical Implications

If your intention in asking about creating responses is to knowingly deceive others about paranormal activity at a location, that falls into unethical territory. Paranormal investigation, when pursued responsibly, aims for genuine inquiry and honest reporting of findings, even if those findings are inconclusive. Deliberately faking evidence undermines the credibility of the entire field and can be emotionally distressing for those seeking genuine contact.

Therefore, while the technical creation of a sound bank is possible (it's essentially just an audio playlist played rapidly), its use for deliberately fabricating "spirit communication" to fool others is highly problematic and unethical.

(c) 2025 Edward Shanahan